EBNF Syntax: C++ (ISO/IEC 14882:1998(E))

Syntax Productions

Start Symbol (syntax)

Name	Production
abstract_declarator	ptr_operator [ abstract_declarator ] direct_abstract_declarator
access_specifier	'private' 'protected' 'public'
additive_expression	multiplicative_expression additive_expression '+' multiplicative_expression additive_expression '-' multiplicative_expression
and_expression	equality_expression and_expression '&' equality_expression
asm_definition	'asm' '(' string_literal ')' ';'
assignment_expression	conditional_expression logical_or_expression assignment_operator assignment_expression throw_expression
assignment_operator	'=' '*=' '/=' '%=' '+=' '-=' '>>=' '<<=' '&=' '^=' '|='
base_clause	':' base_specifier_list
base_specifier	[ '::' ] [ nested_name_specifier ] class_name 'virtual' [ access_specifier ] [ '::' ] [ nested_name_specifier ] class_name access_specifier [ 'virtual' ] [ '::' ] [ nested_name_specifier ] class_name
base_specifier_list	base_specifier base_specifier_list ',' base_specifier
block_declaration	simple_declaration asm_definition namespace_alias_definition using_declaration using_directive
boolean_literal	'false' 'true'
c_char	ANY_CHARACTER_EXCEPT_NEWLINE_SQUOTE_BACKSLASH escape_sequence universal_character_name
c_char_sequence	c_char c_char_sequence c_char
cast_expression	unary_expression '(' type_id ')' cast_expression
character_literal	"'" c_char_sequence "'" "L'" c_char_sequence "'"
class_head	class_key [ identifier ] [ base_clause ] class_key nested_name_specifier identifier [ base_clause ] class_key [ nested_name_specifier ] template_id [ base_clause ]
class_key	'class' 'struct' 'union'
class_name	identifier template_id
class_or_namespace_name	class_name namespace_name
class_specifier	class_head '{' [ member_specification ] '}'
compound_statement	'{' [ statement_seq ] '}'
condition	expression type_specifier_seq declarator '=' assignment_expression
conditional_expression	logical_or_expression logical_or_expression '?' expression ':' assignment_expression
constant_expression	conditional_expression
constant_initializer	'=' constant_expression
control_line	'#' 'include' pp_tokens new_line '#' 'define' identifier replacement_list new_line '#' 'define' identifier lparen [ identifier_list ] ')' replacement_list new_line '#' 'undef' identifier new_line '#' 'line' pp_tokens new_line '#' 'error' [ pp_tokens ] new_line '#' 'pragma' [ pp_tokens ] new_line '#' new_line
conversion_declarator	ptr_operator [ conversion_declarator ]
conversion_function_id	'operator' conversion_type_id
conversion_type_id	type_specifier_seq [ conversion_declarator ]
ctor_initializer	':' mem_initializer_list
cv_qualifier	'const' 'volatile'
cv_qualifier_seq	cv_qualifier [ cv_qualifier_seq ]
decimal_literal	nonzero_digit decimal_literal digit
decl_specifier	storage_class_specifier type_specifier function_specifier 'friend' 'typedef'
decl_specifier_seq	[ decl_specifier_seq ] decl_specifier
declaration	block_declaration function_definition template_declaration explicit_instantiation explicit_specialization linkage_specification namespace_definition
declaration_seq	declaration declaration_seq declaration
declaration_statement	block_declaration
declarator	direct_declarator ptr_operator declarator
declarator_id	id_expression [ '::' ] [ nested_name_specifier ] type_name
delete_expression	[ '::' ] 'delete' cast_expression [ '::' ] 'delete' '[' ']' cast_expression
digit	DIGIT
digit_sequence	digit digit_sequence digit
direct_abstract_declarator	[ direct_abstract_declarator ] '(' paramerter_declaration_clause ')' [ cv_qualifier_seq ] [ exception_specification ] [ direct_abstract_declarator ] '[' [ constant_expression ] ']' '(' abstract_declarator ')'
direct_declarator	declarator_id direct_declarator '(' paramerter_declaration_clause ')' [ cv_qualifier_seq ] [ exception_specification ] direct_declarator '[' [ constant_expression ] ']' '(' declarator ')'
direct_new_declarator	'[' expression ']' direct_new_declarator '[' constant_expression ']'
elaborated_type_specifier	class_key [ '::' ] [ nested_name_specifier ] identifier 'enum' [ '::' ] [ nested_name_specifier ] identifier 'typename' [ '::' ] nested_name_specifier identifier 'typename' [ '::' ] nested_name_specifier [ 'template' ] template_id
elif_group	'#' 'elif' constant_expression new_line [ group ]
elif_groups	elif_group elif_groups elif_group
else_group	'#' 'else' new_line [ group ]
endif_line	'#' 'endif' new_line
enum_name	identifier
enum_specifier	'enum' [ identifier ] '{' [ enumerator_list ] '}'
enumerator	identifier
enumerator_definition	enumerator enumerator '=' constant_expression
enumerator_list	enumerator_definition enumerator_list ',' enumerator_definition
equality_expression	relational_expression equality_expression '==' relational_expression equality_expression '!=' relational_expression
escape_sequence	simple_escape_sequence octal_escape_sequence hexadecimal_escape_sequence
exception_declatation	type_specifier_seq declarator type_specifier_seq abstract_declarator type_specifier_seq '...'
exception_specification	'throw' '(' [ type_id_list ] ')'
exclusive_or_expression	and_expression exclusive_or_expression '^' and_expression
explicit_instantiation	'template' declaration
explicit_specialization	'template' '<' '>' declaration
exponent_part	'e' [ sign ] digit_sequence 'E' [ sign ] digit_sequence
expression	assignment_expression expression ',' assignment_expression
expression_list	assignment_expression expression_list ',' assignment_expression
expression_statement	[ expression ] ';'
extension_namespace_definition	'namespace' original_namespace_name '{' namespace_body '}'
floating_literal	fractional_constant [ exponent_part ] [ floating_suffix ] digit_sequence exponent_part [ floating_suffix ]
floating_suffix	'f' 'l' 'F' 'L'
for_init_statement	expression_statement simple_declaration
fractional_constant	[ digit_sequence ] '.' digit_sequence digit_sequence '.'
function_body	compound_statement
function_definition	[ decl_specifier_seq ] declarator [ ctor_initializer ] function_body [ decl_specifier_seq ] declarator function_try_block
function_specifier	'inline' 'virtual' 'explicit'
function_try_block	'try' [ ctor_initializer ] function_body handler_seq
group	group_part group group_part
group_part	[ pp_tokens ] new_line if_section control_line
h_char	ANY_CHARACTER_EXCEPT_NEWLINE_GT
h_char_sequence	h_char h_char_sequence h_char
handler	'catch' '(' exception_declatation ')' compound_statement
handler_seq	handler [ handler_seq ]
header_name	'<' h_char_sequence '>' '"' q_char_sequence '"'
hex_quad	hexadecimal_digit hexadecimal_digit hexadecimal_digit hexadecimal_digit
hexadecimal_digit	'0' '1' '2' '3' '4' '5' '6' '7' '8' '9' 'a' 'b' 'c' 'd' 'e' 'f' 'A' 'B' 'C' 'D' 'E' 'F'
hexadecimal_escape_sequence	'\x' hexadecimal_digit hexadecimal_escape_sequence hexadecimal_digit
hexadecimal_literal	'0x' hexadecimal_digit '0X' hexadecimal_digit hexadecimal_literal hexadecimal_digit
id_expression	unqualified_id qualified_id
identifier	nondigit identifier nondigit identifier digit
identifier_list	identifier identifier_list ',' identifier
if_group	'#' 'if' constant_expression new_line [ group ] '#' 'ifdef' identifier new_line [ group ] '#' 'ifndef' identifier new_line [ group ]
if_section	if_group [ elif_groups ] [ else_group ] endif_line
inclusive_or_expression	exclusive_or_expression inclusive_or_expression '|' exclusive_or_expression
init_declarator	declarator [ initializer ]
init_declarator_list	init_declarator init_declarator_list ',' init_declarator
initializer	'=' initializer_clause '(' expression_list ')'
initializer_clause	assignment_expression '{' initializer_list [ ',' ] '}' '{' '}'
initializer_list	initializer_clause initializer_list ',' initializer_clause
integer_literal	decimal_literal [ integer_suffix ] octal_literal [ integer_suffix ] hexadecimal_literal [ integer_suffix ]
integer_suffix	unsigned_suffix [ long_suffix ] long_suffix [ unsigned_suffix ]
iteration_statement	'while' '(' condition ')' statement 'do' statement 'while' '(' expression ')' ';' 'for' '(' for_init_statement [ condition ] ';' [ expression ] ')' statement
jump_statement	'break' ';' 'continue' ';' 'return' [ expression ] ';' 'goto' identifier ';'
labeled_statement	identifier ':' statement 'case' constant_expression ':' statement 'default' ':' statement
linkage_specification	'extern' string_literal '{' [ declaration_seq ] '}' 'extern' string_literal declaration
literal	integer_literal character_literal floating_literal string_literal boolean_literal
logical_and_expression	inclusive_or_expression logical_and_expression '&&' inclusive_or_expression
logical_or_expression	logical_and_expression logical_or_expression '||' logical_and_expression
long_suffix	'l' 'L'
lparen	LEFT_PARENTHESIS_WITHOUT_LEADING_WS
mem_initializer	mem_initializer_id '(' [ expression_list ] ')'
mem_initializer_id	[ '::' ] [ nested_name_specifier ] class_name identifier
mem_initializer_list	mem_initializer mem_initializer ',' mem_initializer_list
member_declaration	[ decl_specifier_seq ] [ member_declarator_list ] ';' function_definition [ ';' ] [ '::' ] nested_name_specifier [ 'template' ] unqualified_id ';' using_declaration template_declaration
member_declarator	declarator [ pure_specifier ] declarator [ constant_initializer ] [ identifier ] ':' constant_expression
member_declarator_list	member_declarator member_declarator_list ',' member_declarator
member_specification	member_declaration [ member_specification ] access_specifier ':' [ member_specification ]
multiplicative_expression	pm_expression multiplicative_expression '*' pm_expression multiplicative_expression '/' pm_expression multiplicative_expression '%' pm_expression
named_namespace_definition	original_namespace_definition extension_namespace_definition
namespace_alias	identifier
namespace_alias_definition	'namespace' identifier '=' qualified_namespace_specifier ';'
namespace_body	[ declaration_seq ]
namespace_definition	named_namespace_definition unnamed_namespace_definition
namespace_name	original_namespace_name namespace_alias
nested_name_specifier	class_or_namespace_name '::' [ nested_name_specifier ] class_or_namespace_name '::' 'template' nested_name_specifier
new_declarator	ptr_operator [ new_declarator ] direct_new_declarator
new_expression	[ '::' ] 'new' [ new_placement ] new_type_id [ new_initializer ] [ '::' ] 'new' [ new_placement ] '(' type_id ')' [ new_initializer ]
new_initializer	'(' [ expression_list ] ')'
new_line	NEWLINE
new_placement	'(' expression_list ')'
new_type_id	type_specifier_seq [ new_declarator ]
nondigit	universal_character_name ALPHA_CHARACTER '_'
nonzero_digit	'1' '2' '3' '4' '5' '6' '7' '8' '9'
octal_digit	'0' '1' '2' '3' '4' '5' '6' '7'
octal_escape_sequence	'\' octal_digit '\' octal_digit octal_digit '\' octal_digit octal_digit octal_digit
octal_literal	'0' octal_literal octal_digit
operator	'new' 'delete' 'new[]' 'delete[]' '+' '-' '*' '/' '%' '^' '&' '|' '~' '!' '=' '<' '>' '+=' '-=' '*=' '/=' '%=' '^=' '&=' '|=' '<<' '>>' '>>=' '<<=' '==' '!=' '<=' '>=' '&&' '||' '++' '--' ',' '->*' '->' '()' '[]'
operator_function_id	'operator' operator
original_namespace_definition	'namespace' identifier '{' namespace_body '}'
original_namespace_name	identifier
paramerter_declaration_clause	[ parameter_declaration_list ] [ '...' ] parameter_declaration_list ',' '...'
parameter_declaration	decl_specifier_seq declarator decl_specifier_seq declarator '=' assignment_expression decl_specifier_seq [ abstract_declarator ] decl_specifier_seq [ abstract_declarator ] '=' assignment_expression
parameter_declaration_list	parameter_declaration parameter_declaration_list ',' parameter_declaration
pm_expression	cast_expression pm_expression '.*' cast_expression pm_expression '->*' cast_expression
postfix_expression	primary_expression postfix_expression '[' expression ']' postfix_expression '(' [ expression_list ] ')' simple_type_specifier '(' [ expression_list ] ')' 'typename' [ '::' ] nested_name_specifier identifier '(' [ expression_list ] ')' 'typename' [ '::' ] nested_name_specifier [ 'template' ] template_id '(' [ expression_list ] ')' postfix_expression '.' [ 'template' ] id_expression postfix_expression '->' [ 'template' ] id_expression postfix_expression '.' pseudo_destructor_name postfix_expression '->' pseudo_destructor_name postfix_expression '++' postfix_expression '--' 'dynamic_cast' '<' type_id '>' '(' expression ')' 'static_cast' '<' type_id '>' '(' expression ')' 'reinterpret_cast' '<' type_id '>' '(' expression ')' 'const_cast' '<' type_id '>' '(' expression ')' 'typeid' '(' expression ')' 'typeid' '(' type_id ')'
pp_number	digit '.' digit pp_number digit pp_number nondigit pp_number 'e' sign pp_number 'E' sign pp_number '.'
pp_tokens	preprocessing_token pp_tokens preprocessing_token
preprocessing_file	[ group ]
preprocessing_op_or_punc	'{' '}' '[' ']' '#' '##' '(' ')' '<:' ':>' '<%' '%>' '%:' '%:%:' ';' ':' '...' 'new' 'delete' '?' '::' '.' '.*' '+' '-' '*' '/' '%' '^' '&' '|' '~' '!' '=' '<' '>' '+=' '-=' '*=' '/=' '%=' '^=' '&=' '|=' '<<' '>>' '>>=' '<<=' '==' '!=' '<=' '>=' '&&' '||' '++' '--' ',' '->*' '->' 'and' 'and_eq' 'bitand' 'bitor' 'compl' 'not' 'not_eq' 'or' 'or_eq' 'xor' 'xor_eq'
preprocessing_token	header_name identifier pp_number character_literal string_literal preprocessing_op_or_punc ANY_NOT_YET_COVERED_NON_WS_CHARACTER
primary_expression	literal 'this' '(' expression ')' id_expression
pseudo_destructor_name	[ '::' ] [ nested_name_specifier ] type_name '::' '~' type_name [ '::' ] nested_name_specifier 'template' template_id '::' '~' type_name [ '::' ] [ nested_name_specifier ] '~' type_name
ptr_operator	'*' [ cv_qualifier_seq ] '&' [ '::' ] nested_name_specifier '*' [ cv_qualifier_seq ]
pure_specifier	'=' '0'
q_char	ANY_CHARACTER_EXCEPT_NEWLINE_DQUOTE
q_char_sequence	q_char q_char_sequence q_char
qualified_id	[ '::' ] nested_name_specifier [ 'template' ] unqualified_id '::' identifier '::' operator_function_id '::' template_id
qualified_namespace_specifier	[ '::' ] [ nested_name_specifier ] namespace_name
relational_expression	shift_expression relational_expression '<' shift_expression relational_expression '>' shift_expression relational_expression '<=' shift_expression relational_expression '>=' shift_expression
replacement_list	[ pp_tokens ]
s_char	ANY_CHARACTER_EXCEPT_NEWLINE_DQUOTE_BACKSLASH escape_sequence universal_character_name
s_char_sequence	s_char s_char_sequence s_char
selection_statement	'if' '(' condition ')' statement 'if' '(' condition ')' statement 'else' statement 'switch' '(' condition ')' statement
shift_expression	additive_expression shift_expression '<<' additive_expression shift_expression '>>' additive_expression
sign	'+' '-'
simple_declaration	[ decl_specifier_seq ] [ init_declarator_list ] ';'
simple_escape_sequence	"\'" '\"' '\?' '\\' '\a' '\b' '\f' '\n' '\r' '\t' '\v'
simple_type_specifier	[ '::' ] [ nested_name_specifier ] type_name [ '::' ] nested_name_specifier 'template' template_id 'char' 'wchar_t' 'bool' 'short' 'int' 'long' 'signed' 'unsigned' 'float' 'double' 'void'
statement	labeled_statement expression_statement compound_statement selection_statement iteration_statement jump_statement declaration_statement try_block
statement_seq	statement statement_seq statement
storage_class_specifier	'auto' 'register' 'static' 'extern' 'mutable'
string_literal	'"' [ s_char_sequence ] '"' 'L"' [ s_char_sequence ] '"'
syntax	cpp_syntax_translation_unit preprocessor_syntax_preprocessing_file
template_argument	assignment_expression type_id id_expression
template_argument_list	template_argument template_argument_list ',' template_argument
template_declaration	[ 'export' ] 'template' '<' template_parameter_list '>' declaration
template_id	template_name '<' [ template_argument_list ] '>'
template_name	identifier
template_parameter	type_parameter parameter_declaration
template_parameter_list	template_parameter template_parameter_list ',' template_parameter
throw_expression	'throw' [ assignment_expression ]
token (not used)	identifier KEYWORD literal operator PUNCTUATOR
translation_unit	[ declaration_seq ]
try_block	'try' compound_statement handler_seq
type_id	type_specifier_seq [ abstract_declarator ]
type_id_list	type_id type_id_list ',' type_id
type_name	class_name enum_name typedef_name
type_parameter	'class' [ identifier ] 'class' [ identifier ] '=' type_id 'typename' [ identifier ] 'typename' [ identifier ] '=' type_id 'template' '<' template_parameter_list '>' 'class' [ identifier ] 'template' '<' template_parameter_list '>' 'class' [ identifier ] '=' id_expression
type_specifier	simple_type_specifier class_specifier enum_specifier elaborated_type_specifier cv_qualifier
type_specifier_seq	type_specifier [ type_specifier_seq ]
typedef_name	identifier
unary_expression	postfix_expression '++' cast_expression '--' cast_expression unary_operator cast_expression 'sizeof' unary_expression 'sizeof' '(' type_id ')' new_expression delete_expression
unary_operator	'*' '&' '+' '-' '!' '~'
universal_character_name	'\u' hex_quad '\U' hex_quad hex_quad
unnamed_namespace_definition	'namespace' '{' namespace_body '}'
unqualified_id	identifier operator_function_id conversion_function_id '~' class_name template_id
unsigned_suffix	'u' 'U'
using_declaration	'using' [ 'typename' ] [ '::' ] nested_name_specifier unqualified_id ';' 'using' '::' unqualified_id ';'
using_directive	'using' 'namespace' [ '::' ] [ nested_name_specifier ] namespace_name ';'

Variants

Terminals

Literals

Production Cross Reference